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1. Variations in Gene Activity Can Predict the Survival of Patients with Lymphoma
(Posted: 11/26/2008) - Patterns of gene activity in a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has given researchers a better understanding of factors that contribute to the survival of patients treated for the disease.
2. Annual Report to the Nation Finds Declines in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates; Special Feature Reveals Wide Variations in Lung Cancer Trends across States
(Posted: 11/25/2008) - A new report from the nation's leading cancer organizations shows that, for the first time since the report was first issued in 1998, both incidence and death rates for all cancers combined are decreasing for both men and women, driven largely by declines in some of the most common types of cancer. The report notes that, although the decreases in overall cancer incidence and death rates are encouraging, large state and regional differences in lung cancer trends among women underscore the need to strengthen many state tobacco control programs.
 
3. High Dose Chemotherapy Significantly Prolongs Survival for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
(Posted: 11/17/2008) - Preliminary results from a large, randomized clinical trial for patients ages 16 to 60 with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, show that patients who received a high dose of a commercially available chemotherapy drug, daunorubicin, during initial therapy lived longer than patients who received a standard dose of the same drug.
4. Review of Prostate Cancer Prevention Study Shows No Benefit for Use of Selenium and Vitamin E Supplements
(Posted: 10/27/2008) - Initial, independent review of study data from the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and other institutes that comprise the National Institutes of Health shows that selenium and vitamin E supplements, taken either alone or together, did not prevent prostate cancer. The data also showed two concerning trends: a small but not statistically significant increase in the number of prostate cancer cases among the over 35,000 men age 50 and older in the trial taking only vitamin E and a small, but not statistically significant increase in the number of cases of adult onset diabetes in men taking only selenium.
5. Researchers Identify Novel Type of Antibody that Potently Inhibits HIV Infection
(Posted: 10/20/2008) - A small antibody fragment that is highly effective in neutralizing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by preventing the virus from entering cells has been identified by researchers at NCI. This finding may provide insight into the development of new treatments against HIV and other viruses, hopefully in the not too distant future.
6. NCI Launches First-Ever Study to Determine if Biomarkers Can Help Guide Treatment for Lung Cancer
(Posted: 10/01/2008) - Today, a large national clinical trial for non-small cell lung cancer was launched to validate whether a biomarker can predict clinical benefit in the treatment of this disease. Biomarkers, which are molecules found in the body that can signal an abnormal process or disease, would identify a target known as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This receptor can be increased in some lung cancers due to the presence of extra copies of its coding gene. These extra copies can result in activation of tumor growth, so drugs that block this activation could have a significant impact on lung cancer treatment.
7. Large, Multi-Center Trial Demonstrates Comparable Accuracy for Virtual Colonoscopy and Standard Colonoscopy
(Posted: 09/17/2008) - Computerized tomographic colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is comparable to standard colonoscopy, which uses a long, flexible tube with a camera to view the lining of the colon, in its ability to accurately detect cancer and precancerous polyps and could serve as an initial screening exam for colorectal cancer, according to the results of the American College of Radiology Imaging Network National CT Colonography Trial.
8. Study Provides Clues about How Cancer Cells Develop Resistance to Chemotherapy Drug
(Posted: 09/14/2008) - Researchers have shown that increased expression of a gene called SIRT1 in cancer cells plays a significant role in the development of resistance to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin.
9. The Cancer Genome Atlas Reports First Results of Comprehensive Study of Brain Tumors: Large-Scale Effort Identifies New Genetic Mutations, Core Pathways
(Posted: 09/04/2008) - The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network today reported the first results of its large-scale, comprehensive study of the most common form of brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM). In a paper published Sept. 4, 2008, in the advance online edition of the journal Nature, the TCGA team describes the discovery of new genetic mutations and other types of DNA alterations with potential implications for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM.
10. Alternative Vaccine Strategy Shows Promise in Prostate Cancer Patients
(Posted: 08/15/2008) - New research indicates that giving patients a continuous low dose of an immune system booster, a method known as metronomic dosing, as part of a therapeutic prostate cancer vaccine strategy is safe and produces similar immune responses and fewer side effects than the more common dosing method, which is not well tolerated by many patients. This study, led by researchers at that National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, was published in the August 15, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research.
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